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Clay soil
Nutrient-rich but compacts easily when wet.
Fine, sticky when wetpH 6–7.5
Drainage
Poor
Water retention
High — holds water tightly
Best plants
Roses, brassicas with amendments, fruit trees on berms
Pros
High mineral content, retains moisture and nutrients, stable structure
Cons
Slow drainage, compacts when wet, hard when dry, slow to warm in spring
Amendments
Gypsum, coarse sand, and organic matter to improve structure